Spot bonding comes from these larger tiles requiring better surface preparation to stay flat. Rather than provide surface preparation, some installers will apply five or more dots or blobs of mortar to the back of the tile and squish the tile into the substrate until it becomes level with the tile surrounding it. This is a bad trend that is causing failures at an alarming rate today. The thinset mortar works best when it is contacting what we expect it to bond together.
Lack of mortar coverage due to improper trowel selection, spot bonding and poor troweling techniques cause bond loss, moisture issues, poor impact resistance and load resistance. High-performance grouts offer increased bond strengths, flexural strengths and lower water absorption to resist freeze-thaw damage. In especially demanding environments, cement grouts are factory blended or mixed with polymer additives to create better stain resistance and color brilliance, with higher bond and compressive strengths.
Polymer-modified cement grouts are more resistant to freeze-thaw damage, lower water penetration and can also increase grout flexibility, providing increased crack resistance. High-Performance Cement Grouts are generally available in wide variety of colors and frequently have color-coordinated sealants for movement joints. Color coordinating the grout to the tile color will usually give a larger, more continuous appearance, while contrasting colors highlight the tile, drawing more attention to tiles.
If you are planning an exterior installation, it is important you consider protection of the installation. Some potential grout issues on exteriors can be efflorescence or latex leaching. Efflorescence is due to water soluble alkali found in Portland cement; it looks like a whitish crystalline or powdery deposit on grout lines and tile surfaces, which is not aesthetically pleasing.
On exterior installations, another issue can be latex leaching, which is often the result of the introduction of rain or water below the tile before the polymer-modified thinset and grout has had an opportunity to cure.
Protecting an installation during application from weather is critical not just during installation but while it is curing. This would require tenting. After the tile is installed, it should be protected from weather. A good rain on an open tile installation before grout is installed can take on a lot of water. Then installers show up the next day, grout the wall and are surprised when the grout has efflorescence or latex running down the tile.
The framed cement board has topical waterproofing and a low-absorption porcelain tile is installed. It rains a couple of days and the wall takes on a lot of water. The metal cap is installed on the roof weeks later and all of the water in the assembly only has one path out, through the grout.
This can also occur due to a poor installation or lack of flashing, lack of sealants, etc. For these reasons, carefully review all potential areas water may enter the installation before beginning. Protect the installation before, during and while the assembly is curing. It should also be noted cooler temperatures increase cure times. Due to gauged porcelain tile panels being as large as 5 x 10 feet, it is not uncommon to see all of the grout joints filled with sealant on exterior installations to follow the movement joint requirements.
All tile installations require movement joints, but due increased moisture and temperature swings, it is critical that they are installed on exterior projects. Let the wall dry 24 hours.
Remove the tile spacers. Mix a batch of sanded, exterior-grade grout according to package directions. Using a grout float, spread the grout over the wall, holding the float at a degree angle and working the grout in from all angles so as to make sure all crevices are filled.
Let the grout dry for about an hour, then fill a bucket with water and wipe off the excess grout with a wrung-out sponge, being careful not to press so hard that you dig out the grout. Change the water in the bucket frequently. Several hours later or the next day, buff the tiles with a clean cloth to remove any lingering grout haze.
Apply a grout sealer after the grout is thoroughly dry. Spray sealers are convenient to use and protect the grout from mold and stains. Bob Vila recommends a water-based sealer for low toxicity. If your wall is freestanding with a top, tile the center of the top area with the same tile that you chose for the sides of the wall, but use bullnose tiles all around the top edges.
Set the bullnose tiles so the rounded edge protrudes over the rim of the wall the width of a tile. Proceed as directed from Step 4, but lay the top area first. The top row of tiles on the vertical walls will meet the bullnose tiles underneath.
Grout comes in different colors. You can match the grout to the color of the tiles; still, a neutral color such as gray shows off most tiles best.
Wipe up any mortar or grout spills on the front of the tiles or a patio surface immediately with a damp cloth. Any spills on earth or grass can be left to dry, to be raked or picked up and disposed of. After 20 to 30 minutes, fall back to the first tile you grouted with a bucket of clean water and a grout sponge.
Wring out your sponge until it's damp and not dripping any water. Using too much water can cause discolorations in the grout. Gently wipe away any excess grout on the surface of the tiles using a circular motion, and avoid wiping in the same direction as the gap. Otherwise, you risk pushing the grout out of the gap. Once the sponge gets dirty i. It may take four or five passes with the sponge to completely clean the excess grout. Continue the process of grouting and washing until all the tiles have been grouted, and then caulk in the expansion joints.
Installing tile can be a labor-intensive and time-consuming process. While it's possible to complete this project with a single person, having two people can make for quicker and easier work. This is especially true if you're working with particularly large and heavy tiles that might require two people to move. Even with smaller tiles, a second person can be helpful when spreading the mortar and grout. For example, one person can spread mortar while the other lays tiles behind them, and one person can spread the grout as the other cleans the tiles with a sponge.
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